{"id":9636,"date":"2026-03-31T16:17:07","date_gmt":"2026-03-31T16:17:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nandedlive.com\/?p=9636"},"modified":"2026-03-31T17:10:25","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T17:10:25","slug":"%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b7%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a5%a7%e0%a5%a6-%e0%a4%86%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%8f%e0%a4%8f%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nandedlive.com\/?p=9636","title":{"rendered":"\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0967\u0966 \u0906\u092f\u090f\u090f\u0938 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0931\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u091a\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e; \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u091a\u093f\u0935\u092a\u0926\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0947\u0936 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u092e\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0908 \u2013\u00a0 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u0947\u0924\u0940\u0932 (IAS) \u0967\u0966 \u0935\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0931\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u091a\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u0939\u0947\u0924. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0922\u0935\u093f\u0923\u0947 \u0906\u0923\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093e\u0902\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091a\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u0939\u0947\u0924.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0922\u0940\u0932\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u0939\u0947\u0924 \u2014<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0936 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 (IAS: 1993) \u2014 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0940\u091c \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0942\u0928 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0942\u0928 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u091a\u093f\u0935, \u092e\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0908 \u092e\u094d\u0939\u0923\u0942\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u0932\u0940 \u0906\u0939\u0947.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0905\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0921\u0947 (IAS: 1995) \u2014 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u093e\u0924\u0940\u0932 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u091a\u093f\u0935 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0942\u0928 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0942\u0928 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0908 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0917\u0930\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0906\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u094d\u0939\u0923\u0942\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u0932\u0940 \u0906\u0939\u0947.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0917\u0940 (IAS: 1995) \u2014 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u0940 \u0935 \u092a\u0936\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093e\u091a\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u091a\u093f\u0935 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0942\u0928 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0942\u0928 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u091a\u093f\u0935 (\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e), \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917, \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092f\u0947\u0925\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u0932\u0940 \u0906\u0939\u0947.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0926 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0932 (IAS: 1996) \u2014 \u0906\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928, \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928, \u092e\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0932 \u0935 \u0935\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093e\u091a\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u091a\u093f\u0935 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0942\u0928 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0942\u0928 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u091a\u093f\u0935, \u092e\u0943\u0926 \u0935 \u091c\u0932\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917, \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092f\u0947\u0925\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u0932\u0940 \u0906\u0939\u0947.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 (IAS: 2004) \u2014 \u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e\u091c\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a (POCRA) \u091a\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0942\u0928 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0942\u0928 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0938\u091a\u093f\u0935 (\u0915\u0943\u0937\u0940), \u0915\u0943\u0937\u0940 \u0935 \u092a\u0936\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917, \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092f\u0947\u0925\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u0932\u0940 \u0906\u0939\u0947.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0924\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0941\u0902\u0922\u0947 (IAS: 2005) \u2014 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093e\u091a\u0947 \u0938\u091a\u093f\u0935 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0942\u0928 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0942\u0928 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0938\u091a\u093f\u0935, \u0906\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928, \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928, \u092e\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0932 \u0935 \u0935\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917, \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092f\u0947\u0925\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u0932\u0940 \u0906\u0939\u0947.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0932\u0939\u0942 \u092e\u093e\u0933\u0940 (IAS: 2009) \u2014 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915, \u0936\u093f\u0935\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0932\u093f\u092e\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0921, \u092e\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0908 \u092e\u094d\u0939\u0923\u0942\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u0932\u0940 \u0906\u0939\u0947.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0933 (IAS: 2009) \u2014 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0938\u091a\u093f\u0935, \u0926\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917, \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u092e\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0908 \u092f\u0947\u0925\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u0932\u0940 \u0906\u0939\u0947.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0936\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0930 (IAS: 2010) \u2014 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093e\u091a\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0942\u0928 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0942\u0928 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u092e\u0924\u094d\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0906\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924, \u092e\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0908 \u092e\u094d\u0939\u0923\u0942\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u0932\u0940 \u0906\u0939\u0947.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0930\u093e\u091c \u092c\u0940. \u092a\u0940. (IAS: 2014) \u2014 \u092a\u0941\u0923\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0917\u0930\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u091a\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0942\u0928 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0942\u0928 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u0908-\u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0917\u0930\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0906\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u094d\u0939\u0923\u0942\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u0932\u0940 \u0906\u0939\u0947.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093e\u091a\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0933\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093e\u0924 \u0928\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091c\u092c\u093e\u092c\u0926\u093e\u0931\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0915\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0917\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0933\u0923\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u0939\u0947.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#2350;&#2369;&#2306;&#2348;&#2312; &ndash;&nbsp; &#2350;&#2361;&#2366;&#2352;&#2366;&#2359;&#2381;&#2335;&#2381;&#2352; &#2352;&#2366;&#2332;&#2381;&#2351; &#2358;&#2366;&#2360;&#2344;&#2366;&#2344;&#2375; &#2349;&#2366;&#2352;&#2340;&#2368;&#2351; &#2346;&#2381;&#2352;&#2358;&#2366;&#2360;&#2325;&#2368;&#2351; &#2360;&#2375;&#2357;&#2375;&#2340;&#2368;&#2354; (IAS) &#2407;&#2406; &#2357;&#2352;&#2367;&#2359;&#2381;&#2336; &#2309;&#2343;&#2367;&#2325;&#2366;&#2353;&#2381;&#2351;&#2366;&#2306;&#2330;&#2381;&#2351;&#2366; &#2344;&#2357;&#2381;&#2351;&#2366; &#2344;&#2367;&#2351;&#2369;&#2325;&#2381;&#2340;&#2381;&#2351;&#2366; &#2357;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":60,"featured_media":9637,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9636","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nandedlive.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9636","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nandedlive.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nandedlive.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nandedlive.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/60"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nandedlive.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9636"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/nandedlive.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9636\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9638,"href":"https:\/\/nandedlive.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9636\/revisions\/9638"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nandedlive.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9637"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nandedlive.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9636"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nandedlive.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9636"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nandedlive.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9636"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}